What is Bioenergetics?
Bioenergetics is a branch of biochemistry that studies the transformation of energy within living organisms, and between living organisms and their environment. It examines the metabolic processes through which energy is produced and utilised. For example, how food and sunlight is converted in the body to form useful energy.
Energy is essential for the biological processes of living, and this course will examine energy processes within the body. Energy is derived from food sources – carbohydrates, fats and proteins. These are broken down by reactions to create energy. There is not just one way for your body to produce energy. Here, we will look at the two energy supplies, anaerobic and aerobic. In it’s simplest description, anaerobic means without oxygen, and aerobic means with oxygen. There are two types of anaerobic energy systems, the ATP-PC system, and the lactic acid, or anaerobic glycolysis system.
- Anaerobic Energy is produced without Oxygen. Used during intense activity for short bursts.
- Aerobic Energy is produced by the breakdown of glucose in the presence of Oxygen. Activated after approximately two minutes of exercise. Predominant system, used for everyday living, and endurance exercise.
The ACS Course "Bioenergetics" is based upon the following curriculum documentation.
Click here to see an outine and enrolment details for this course.
HUMAN BIOLOGY IB
Module Code
Re011b
ASF Level
5
Discipline Group Code
0401420
Nominal Duration
50 hours
Module Purpose
This module will enable the learner to describe bioenergetics and environmental aspects of human biology.
Pre-requisites
Human Biology IA.
This unit may be taken individually in its own right. Pre-requisites in this case is Human
Biology IA.
Relationship to Competency Standards
All tasks shall comply with the relevant practices and procedures set out by industrial awards and relevant Australian standards.
Not Applicable.
Content
The following topics should be addressed:
Assessment strategy
(refer to Document 1, section 5.1)
Assessment method
The learning outcomes may be assessed through:
* essay;
* short answer and multiple choice questions;
* written assignments;
* illustrations;
* practical tasks;
* examination of 1.5 hours.
Conditions of assessment
Assessment is based on successful completion of all set tasks, assignments and any other assessment method listed above. Examinations will consolidate material taught in lessons to assess the learning progress of the learner. It will also act as a method of ensuring learners meet the outcomes.
Learning Outcome 1
Learning Outcome
Explain how energy is used in the human body to create work and power.
Assessment Criteria
1.1 Explain biological energy cycle, using illustrations.
1.2 Explain two examples of energy pathways in the body, including an anaerobic and an aerobic pathway.
1.3 Explain the function of ATP in body energy pathways.
1.4 Explain the significance of different terminology to understanding body energy pathways, including: -energy -work -power -efficiency during exercise.
Conditions and method of assessment
Relevant standards or extracts will be made available to the learner for reference during lessons.
Same as Conditions of assessment.
Learning Outcome 2
Learning Outcome
Explain energy pathways during resting, work and recovery.
Assessment Criteria
2.1 Explain the consumption of oxygen during different stages of activity, including: at rest, warming up, peak activity and cooling down.
2.2 Calculate the net cost of exercise in litres per minute, for a specified case study.
2.3 Explain the measurement of efficiency during a specified exercise.
2.4 Interpret the meaning of a graph which shows a relationship between.energy cost or use, and rate of exercise or work.
2.5 Explain problems which may occur in physiological processes during running a marathon.
Conditions and method of assessment
Relevant standards or extracts will be made available to the learner for reference during lessons.
Same as Conditions of assessment.
Learning Outcome 3
Learning Outcome
Explain the significance of the acid-base balance in the body.
Assessment Criteria
3.1 Explain in one paragraph for each, acid-base terms with relevance to exercise, including: *Buffer *Alkali reserve *Alkalosis *Acidosis.
3.2 Describe respiratory regulation of pH.
3.3 Describe regulation of pH in the kidneys.
3.4 Explain the affect of strenuous exercise on body pH.
Conditions and method of assessment
Relevant standards or extracts will be made available to the learner for reference during lessons.
Same as Conditions of assessment.
Learning Outcome 4
Learning Outcome
Explain movement of materials in and out of living cells.
Assessment Criteria
4.1 Explain osmosis in a specific biological situation.
4.2 Distinguish between diffusion and facilitated diffusion in the human body.
4.3 Explain how electrochemical forces maintain cellular equilibrium.
4.4 Explain active transport mechanisms at a cellular level.
Conditions and method of assessment
Relevant standards or extracts will be made available to the learner for reference during lessons.
Same as Conditions of assessment.
Learning Outcome 5
Learning Outcome
Explain the affect of changing atmospheric pressure on the body.
Assessment Criteria
5.1 Calculate pressure, volume and density for a specified lung capacity at two different altitudes.
5.2 Describe three specified situations where pressure changes can affect body function, including: *scuba diving *mountain climbing.
5.3 Explain the effects of pressure changes on different parts of the body, including examples of altitude and scuba diving.
5.4 Explain the effect of a decompression treatment on a diver suffering from nitrogen narcosis.
Conditions and method of assessment
Relevant standards or extracts will be made available to the learner for reference during lessons.
Same as Conditions of assessment.
Learning Outcome 6
Learning Outcome
Explain temperature regulation in the body.
Assessment Criteria
6.1 List mechanisms of heat loss in the human body.
6.2 List mechanisms of heat gain in the human body.
6.3 Explain the operation of thermal receptors and effectors in the body.
6.4 Explain the maintenance of body temperature during peak exercise.
Conditions and method of assessment
Relevant standards or extracts will be made available to the learner for reference during lessons.
Same as Conditions of assessment.
Learning Outcome 7
Learning Outcome
Explain ergogenic aids to body performance during activity/exercise.
Assessment Criteria
7.1 Explain affects of steroids on the body, in relation to both performance, and other health factors, during two different specified types of activity.
7.2 Explain the affect of amphetamines, and other performance enhancing drugs on the body, during a specified type of activity.
7.3 Compare the advantages and disadvantages of amino acid use to enhance physical activity.
7.4 Explain the use of blood doping to enhance physical performance in a specific activity.
7.5 Explain ways oxygen can be used to enhance performance in a specific activity.
7.6 Explain the effect of specific vitamins on three specified types of performance.
7.7 Explain the affect of aspartic acid salts on a specified performance.
Conditions and method of assessment
Relevant standards or extracts will be made available to the learner for reference during
lessons.
Same as Conditions of assessment.
Delivery of the Module
Delivery strategy
(refer to Document 1, section 6.1)
Resource requirements
(refer to Document 1, section 6.2)
Specific requirements for this module supplied to the learner:
* all manuals to complete this module and to meet competencies;
* videos;
* notes appropriate to the topic of study.
Specific resources for this module provided by the learner:
* video player;
* writing materials.
Occupational Health & Safety requirements
(refer to Document 1, section 11)
Learners must be aware of relevant Workplace Health and Safety issues in all situations and are required to demonstrate safe working practices at all times.
The work area must comply with current Workplace Health and Safety legislation.
Applicable legislation include:
* Workplace Health and Safety Act and Regulations
* Code of Practice for Manual Handling;
* Code of Practice for First Aid in the Workplace.
